Published by the Low Income Energy Issues Forum (March 2017) and funded by DEFG LLC, this paper extends the solvency segment model and earlier research beyond a review of available literature include in-depth interviews with utilities offering effective and innovative programs to support their low-income customers. Findings indicate that most programs are geared to helping families who need help with acute one-time shortfalls and more needs to be offered to those with chronic difficulties with utility affordability.
